A primer is a coating that is applied to a surface before the paint is applied. Its main function is to prepare the surface for the paint by providing better adhesion, improving durability, and preventing stains and other issues from bleeding through the paint. A primer can also help to seal porous surfaces, and in some cases, it can act as a barrier to prevent the paint from being absorbed into the surface. Primers can be applied to a variety of surfaces, including wood, metal, drywall, and masonry.​

• Resin: Primers can be made from different types of resins, such as acrylic, vinyl, or alkyd, which help to provide adhesion and durability to the surface.

  • Acrylic: Acrylic resins are made from synthetic polymers and are known for their durability, adhesion, and color retention. They dry quickly, are water-resistant, and have good weatherability. They are commonly used in interior and exterior paints, primers, and sealers.

  • Vinyl: Vinyl resins are made from polyvinyl acetate (PVA) or a copolymer of PVA and another monomer. They are known for their good adhesion, flexibility, and washability. They are commonly used in interior paints, particularly for areas with high humidity, such as bathrooms and kitchens.

  • Alkyd: Alkyd resins are made from synthetic oils and fatty acids and are known for their durability, hardness, and gloss. They dry slowly and have good adhesion to a variety of surfaces, including metal and wood. They are commonly used in enamel paints, primers, and coatings for industrial, commercial, and residential applications.

• Solvents: Solvents are used to dissolve the resin and make it easier to apply. Common solvents include water, mineral spirits, and turpentine.

• Additives: Primers may also contain additives such as thickeners, wetting agents, and surfactants to improve the consistency and flow of the primer and help it adhere better to the surface.

Paint, on the other hand, is a coating that is applied to the surface after the primer. Its main function is to provide color, texture, and protection to the surface. Paint can be formulated with different finishes, such as matte, satin, and gloss, and can be used to achieve a variety of effects, from a subtle color change to a dramatic transformation.

• Pigments: Pigments are the colored particles that give the paint its color. They are usually made from natural or synthetic minerals or chemicals.

• Binders: Binders are resins that hold the pigments together and adhere the paint to the surface. Common binders include acrylic, alkyd, and latex.

• Solvents: Solvents are used to dissolve the binder and make the paint easier to apply. Common solvents include water, mineral spirits, and turpentine.

• Additives: Paints may also contain additives such as thickeners, drying agents, and mildewcides to improve the consistency and flow of the paint and help it adhere better to the surface.